The olecranon is the prominent part of the ulna (forearm bone), located at the back of the elbow. The triceps muscle, which allows the arm to straighten, attaches to this bone. For this reason, olecranon fractures seriously affect elbow function. They usually occur as a result of a fall or direct trauma to the elbow.
Simple and non-displaced (where the bone pieces have not moved apart) fractures can often be treated with a splint or cast. However, in cases where the bone ends are separated (displaced), fragmented (comminuted), or disrupt the joint surface, surgical treatment becomes unavoidable. Surgical intervention is necessary both for the anatomical realignment of the bone and to restore the function of the triceps muscle.
The most common methods used in the surgical treatment of olecranon fractures are:
The goal of these methods is to stabilize the fracture fragments, providing enough stability to allow for early motion. After successful surgery, most patients can regain their arm function in a short time.
Duration of Surgery: Approximately 45–90 minutes
Type of Anesthesia: General anesthesia or nerve block
Surgical Method: Open surgery with fixation (stabilization) using a plate, screws, or a wire-screw combination.
First day: 4–6
First week: 3–4
After the 2nd week: 1–2
Usually, a 1-night hospital stay is required.
First 1–2 weeks: Protected with an arm sling or splint
After the 2nd week: Elbow motion exercises begin
6th week: Strengthening exercises
3rd month: Full return to daily life
6th month: Return to sports and heavy lifting
First dressing change: 2nd day
Wound check: 1st week
Suture removal (if any): 10th day
Non-displaced (where bone fragments have not moved), stable fractures can sometimes be treated without surgery. However, in most olecranon fractures, the pieces are displaced, and surgical intervention is necessary.
With correct surgery and rehabilitation, most patients can regain full or near-full function.
The elbow joint is prone to stiffness (contracture). Early and regular exercises are critical to prevent loss of function. Most of the time, the exercises we give our patients are sufficient and safe for them to perform on their own. Rarely, if the patient is not regaining the expected range of motion during follow-ups, assistance from a physical therapist may be sought.
Most of the time, they do not need to be removed. However, if they cause complaints such as discomfort or a poking sensation, they can be removed after 6 months to 1 year.
A return is possible within 2–3 weeks for desk jobs and 6–8 weeks for physical labor.
