The shoulder joint is one of the most flexible joints in the body, thanks to its wide range of motion. However, this characteristic also makes the shoulder more vulnerable to dislocations. The risk of recurrent dislocations increases, especially after an initial shoulder dislocation experienced at a young age. This risk is even higher in athletes, individuals in occupations prone to trauma, or those with connective tissue laxity (joint looseness).
During a shoulder dislocation, the ring of cartilage surrounding the shoulder socket, known as the “labrum,” can be torn or detached. This condition is called a “Bankart lesion” and is the most common reason the shoulder becomes prone to recurrent dislocations. Each new dislocation can cause further damage to the surrounding muscles, ligaments, and bone structures, transforming the condition into a chronic problem.
Recurrent shoulder dislocations not only cause pain and restricted motion in the shoulder; they can also lead to the patient feeling insecure in daily life and withdrawing from social and physical activities. Therefore, for patients who continue to experience recurrent dislocations despite conservative (non-surgical) treatment, surgical treatment becomes a recommended option.
Bankart repair is the procedure of re-attaching the torn labrum tissue at the front and bottom of the shoulder socket back to the bone. This procedure is usually performed using the arthroscopic (closed) method. During the surgery, suture anchors (special screws) and strong sutures (threads) are used to re-attach the labrum to its proper place. If necessary, the shoulder capsule (the ligaments surrounding the joint) is also tightened. This restores the shoulder’s stability and greatly reduces the risk of dislocation.
The closed (arthroscopic) surgical technique offers advantages such as smaller incisions, less pain, a shorter hospital stay, and better cosmetic results. After surgery, the shoulder is protected with a special arm sling, and a safe recovery is achieved through a guided physiotherapy process. Success rates are quite high, and patients can safely return to their previous activities.
Surgery Duration: Approximately 60–75 minutes
Type of Anesthesia: General anesthesia (may be supplemented with a nerve block)
Surgical Method: Performed with the closed (arthroscopic) technique, using 3–4 mm incisions
First day: 4–5 (2–3 if a nerve block is administered)
First week: 3
After the 2nd week: 1–2
Usually discharged the same day
Rarely, a 1-night hospital stay may be required
First 3–4 weeks: Protected with an arm sling
After the 5th week: Limited passive movements begin
6th–8th week: Active movement exercises begin
3rd month: Return to light sports activities
6th month: Return to contact sports and heavy exercises
First dressing change on the 2nd day
Sutures are checked within 1 week
Sutures are generally removed on the 10th day
After a successful Bankart repair, the probability of re-dislocation is quite low. However, adherence to physical therapy, regaining muscle strength, and taking protective measures are important.
It generally lasts 3–4 months. It begins with passive exercises in the early period, followed by the addition of active movements and strengthening programs.
Non-contact sports can be started in the 3rd month. A 6-month wait is recommended for returning to contact sports (such as football, basketball, wrestling).
Since the incisions from this closed-technique surgery are small, the scars are generally not prominent.
Using the arm sling is recommended for the first 3–4 weeks. It is very important to protect the shoulder during this period.
