Knee osteoarthritis, medically known as gonarthrosis, is a degenerative joint disease that occurs when the cartilage in the knee joint wears down over time, causing the joint surfaces to rub against each other. Although it is most commonly seen in individuals over the age of 50, it can also develop at younger ages due to trauma, genetic predisposition, excess weight, and overuse.
In a healthy knee joint, cartilage tissue prevents the bones from rubbing against each other during movement. However, in osteoarthritis, this cartilage gradually deteriorates and disappears. As a result, pain, stiffness, limited range of motion, and joint deformity may occur.
In the early stages of knee osteoarthritis, symptoms can often be managed with conservative treatments such as medication, exercise, weight control, physical therapy, and intra-articular injections (e.g., hyaluronic acid, PRP). However, in more advanced cases, these methods may become insufficient, and surgical intervention may be necessary.
Surgical options include total knee replacement (total knee arthroplasty), partial knee replacement (unicondylar prosthesis), and high tibial osteotomy. The appropriate surgical method is determined based on the patient’s age, activity level, degree of deformity, and radiologic staging.
Surgery Duration: Approximately 90–120 minutes
Type of Anesthesia: Spinal + sedation or general anesthesia
Surgical Method:
o Damaged joint surfaces are removed
o Artificial joint components made of metal and polyethylene are implanted
Day 1: 4–6 (2–3 with epidural or nerve block)
First week: 3–4
After week 2: 1–2
Typically 2–4 days
Day 1: Standing and walking begin
Week 1: Physical therapy starts
1–2 months: Walking without support
Month 3: Comfort with stair climbing and daily activities
First dressing: Day 2
Suture removal: Between day 10–14
Full recovery generally takes 3–6 months. However, daily activities can be performed comfortably even in the early period.
Low-impact sports such as walking, swimming, and light cycling are allowed. High-impact activities like jumping or futbol should be avoided.
Modern prostheses generally last between 15–20 years, depending on usage habits.
Pain is managed effectively with epidural anesthesia, nerve blocks, and appropriate pain management protocols.
For desk jobs, returning to work is usually possible within 3–4 weeks. Physically demanding jobs may require more time.
