The meniscus is a C-shaped (or half-moon shaped) cartilage-like structure located in the knee joint between the thighbone (femur) and the shinbone (tibia). There are two menisci in the knee: the inner (medial) and the outer (lateral) meniscus. These structures increase the knee’s load-bearing capacity, act as shock absorbers, and protect the joint surfaces.
Meniscus tears can occur as a result of sudden twisting movements, squatting, trauma (injuries), or degenerative (wear-and-tear) changes that develop over time. In young people, they are generally seen due to sports injuries, whereas in older adults, they are more often caused by degenerative reasons.
A meniscus tear can cause pain in the knee, a catching or locking sensation, swelling, and restricted movement. Diagnosis is made through a physical examination and, most commonly, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scans. Not every tear requires surgery; however, if complaints such as pain and catching persist, if the tear is large, or if the knee locks, surgical intervention (surgery) may be necessary.
Surgery is usually performed using an arthroscopic (keyhole) method. The goal is to preserve and repair the meniscus, if possible. If repair is not possible, the torn, non-viable (damaged) part of the meniscus is controllably cleaned out (partial meniscectomy).
Duration of Surgery: Approximately 30–45 minutes
Type of Anesthesia: Spinal anesthesia (numbing from the waist down) or general anesthesia
Surgical Method: The knee is accessed using an arthroscopic (keyhole) method If the tear is repairable, it is sutured (stitched) with special threads If repair is not possible, the torn piece is removed (partial meniscectomy)
First day: 3–5
First week: 2–3
After the 2nd week: 1–2
Typically 1 night in the hospital
First 1–2 weeks: Weight-bearing may be restricted with crutches
3rd–4th week: Walking returns to normal
4th–6th week: Balance exercises
6th–12th week: Gradual return to sports activities
First dressing change: 2nd day
Suture removal: 10th day (if removable stitches are used)
Not all tears heal. Small tears, especially in the outer zones that have a good blood supply, may heal. However, in most cases, surgery may be necessary.
No. The goal is to preserve as much of the meniscus as possible. Only the torn and damaged portion is removed or repaired. Often, a sufficient amount of meniscal tissue remains to ensure proper knee function.
Yes. Especially for patients who have had a meniscus repair, physical therapy exercises are important for regaining the knee's strength and range of motion.
After a partial meniscectomy, a return is generally possible within 6–8 weeks; after a meniscus repair, it is typically possible after 3–4 months.
No. In surgeries performed with the arthroscopic method, the scars are small and fade (become less noticeable) over time.
